Sermon for Holy Trinity Sunday, May 31st, 2015

Fr. Eric M. Andersen
Holy Trinity in Bandon/St. John the Baptist in Port Orford
May 31st, 2015
The Solemnity of the Most Holy Trinity
What do we mean when we say that God is One? We mean that He is
undivided, and indivisible. In other words, the One God cannot be added to or
subtracted from. Whatever is undivided in itself, is one. When something is
incapable of being divided, it is called simple. Other things are referred to
as composites. God is undivided and indivisible and therefore, God is simple.
God is not a composite. But what is a composite? A composite has no being so
long as its parts are not united into one, and a composite receives its unity
at the moment when composition sets in. So for instance, water is a composite of
hydrogen and oxygen (H2O). It is not water until that composition is made. The
water has no being before and it cannot be divided and still be water. This is
different from the unity of the One God. God is not a composite like water. God
is simple unity. But do we not believe that God is a Trinity? Doesn’t that mean
three parts? Would that not make a composite? How do we say that God is simple
when we can identify three parts?

First of all, we do not identify three parts because a “part” signifies “an
incomplete being,
requiring it to be complemented by another” (Pohle-Preuss.
God: His Knowability. . . 201). God is
not incomplete. There is no potentiality in God. He is not becoming, not
expanding,
not growing. He is complete. He is perfection Himself in His
fullness before time, in time and outside of time. So God is simple. This was
taught in the 2nd century by the earliest of Church fathers, Origen and
Irenaeus, and later, it was formally defined by the 4th Lateran Council in
1215. So, if anyone ever attempts to put you down by calling you simple, you
just say to them: “Well, the 4th Lateran Council defined God as simple; so if
it’s good enough for God, then it’s good enough for me!”
By saying that God is One, we also mean that God is unique in His being.
In other words, there is no other. This is what we profess in the Creed: I
believe in One God. In this we are monotheistic. God Himself has told us
through the prophet Isaiah: “I am the first and the last, and therefore there
is no God besides me” (Is 44:6). God, being One, is then defined as Father, Son
and Holy Spirit. These three persons in the One God are indivisible, because
they are not parts. If God had parts, He would be a composite. No, God remains
simple, not a composition, even in His three persons.
Various heresies emerged during the first centuries of Christianity as
theologians struggled to figure out this quandary. The heresy of Arianism
contended that God the Father was indeed uncreated but that the Son and the
Holy Spirit were created by the Father and inferior to Him. The Church
countered by defining that the Son is consubstantial with the Father.
Consubstantial means that the Son is of the same substance as the Father. This
is what we profess. The Son is begotten of the Father, but begotten from all
eternity; not made, not created, not a creature. He was begotten and He is the
Only-Begotten. Likewise the Holy Spirit was not made, nor created, nor
begotten. Jesus is the Only-Begotten. The Holy Spirit instead proceeds. . . or
spirates. He proceeds from the Father and the Son.
These three are perfectly co-equal and co-eternal. Each of the
individual persons of God possesses the entire divine nature. St. Augustine
wrote that each one of the divine persons has as much perfection as all three
together have: “So great is the Father alone or so great is the Son alone, or
so great is the Holy Spirit alone as is the Father, the Son, and the Holy
Spirit together.”
I invite you to take up your bulletins and follow along with the Athanasian
Creed. This is a liturgical creed of the faith attributed to St. Athanasius. He
was exiled off an on as a bishop over many years because he defended the
divinity of Jesus Christ against the Arian heresy. This creed is therefore,
very clear in defending the divinity of Jesus Christ and asserting the equality
of all three persons of the Holy Trinity in their Godhead. Historically, this
was recited every Sunday in the Divine Office. Currently it is only recited
once a year on Trinity Sunday, but only in certain forms of the Office. I find
it to be helpful in grasping the Church’s teaching on the Holy Trinity because
it is repetitive and very clear. It may take a few readings for it to settle
in, so I give you the first reading here while we are together, and I invite
you to just listen and follow along this first time, and then take it to your
prayer time as spiritual reading or Lectio Divina.
The Athanasian Creed:
Whoever wishes to be saved must, before all else, hold the
Catholic Faith: for unless each one maintains it whole and inviolate, he will
certainly perish in eternity:
This, then, is the Catholic faith: We worship one God in the Trinity
and the Trinity in unity, without confusing the Persons or separating the
substance; for indeed the Person of the Father is one, the Person of the Son
another, the Person of the Holy Spirit another; but the divinity of the Father,
the Son, and the Holy Spirit is one, their glory equal, and their majesty
coeternal.
As the Father is, so is the Son, and so is the Holy Spirit; uncreated
the Father, uncreated the Son, uncreated the Holy Spirit; infinite the Father,
infinite the Son, infinite the Holy Spirit; eternal the Father, eternal the
Son, eternal the Holy Spirit; and yet they are not three eternal beings, but
one eternal; just as they are not three uncreated beings or three infinite
beings, but one uncreated being. In like manner, omnipotent is the Father,
omnipotent the Son, omnipotent the Holy Spirit; and yet they are not three
omnipotent beings, but one omnipotent being. Therefore, the Father is God, the
Son is God, the Holy Spirit is God; and yet there are not three Gods but one
God. In the same way, the Father is Lord, the Son is Lord, the Holy Spirit is
Lord; yet there are not three Lords, but there is one Lord; for just as we are
compelled by Christian truth to confess each Person individually as God and
Lord, just so the Catholic religion forbids us to say that there are three Gods
or three Lords.
The Father was not made by anyone; nor was he created or begotten;
the Son is from the Father alone, neither made nor created but generated; the
Holy Spirit is from the Father and the Son, neither made nor created nor
generated, but proceeding. Therefore, there is one Father, not three Fathers;
one Son, not three Sons; one Holy Spirit, not three Holy Spirits. And in the
Trinity, there is nothing before or after, nothing greater or lesser, but all
three Persons are coequal and coeternal with each other. And so, in all things,
as was said already above, both the unity in the Trinity and the Trinity in the
unity must be worshipped. Let anyone therefore, who wishes to be saved think of
the Trinity in this manner.
But it is necessary for eternal salvation also to believe faithfully
in the Incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ. The correct faith, therefore, is
that we believe and confess that our Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, is both
God equally and man; he is God generated from the substance of the Father before
all ages; and he is man born from the substance of a mother in time; perfect
God and perfect man, subsisting with a rational soul and human flesh; equal to
the Father according to divinity, less than the Father according to humanity;
and while he is both God and man, nevertheless, there is but one Christ, not
two; not one, however, by a transformation of the divinity into flesh, but by
the assumption of the humanity into God; he is entirely one, not by a confusion
of substance, but by the unity of person. For just as one man is a rational soul
and flesh, just so the one Christ is God and man. He suffered for our
salvation, descended into hell, and on the third day rose again from the dead,
ascended into heaven, and sits at the right hand of the Father, from whence he
shall come to judge the living and the dead. At his coming, all men are to rise
again with their bodies, and they will given an account of the own deeds; and
those who have done good will go on to eternal life, but those who have done
evil will go into eternal fire.
This is the Catholic faith: unless each one has believed it
faithfully and firmly, he will not be saved. Glory be to the Father, and to the
Son, and to the Holy Spirit, as it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall
be, world without end. Amen.
In closing, the mystery of the Holy Trinity cannot be understood or
demonstrated by reason alone. The Church teaches this. The Athanasian Creed is
a reasonable presentation of this teaching. We can come to understand it
partially by use of our reason and intellect. But the mystery of the Holy
Trinity must be known by Divine Revelation. It must be known by intellect or
reason elevated by the supernatural infused virtue of faith. When we are in a
state of sanctifying grace by the indwelling of the Holy Spirit, we can come to
be certain of such mysteries of the faith. But even in a state of grace, God
still allows us to struggle for a greater purpose. When we come to know God
personally as a beloved Friend or as the Spouse of our souls, the divine
mysteries become more and more clear to our human minds. When we come to know
Him, we come to understand Him. Let us seek to know Him and to understand Him
and to Love Him in each of His three persons: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
Amen.